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Igor Stravinsky

Kamis, 31 Desember 2009


" I compose," says Igor Stravinsky, one of the most important leaders in twentieth century music, "because I am made for that and cannot do otherwise." He believes in inspiration, but does not wait for it. For him, composition is a gaily fuction which he must discharge.
The man whose music has caused near-riots when it was first performed, who has been praised and misunderstood and argued over, is slight and thin, with nervous gestures and penetrating eyes behind strong lenses. He has great energy and leads a vigorous life.
As a boy he grew up in a musical atmosphere. His father was the leading bass in the Russian Imperial Opera, his mother was a trained pianist. He often went to the opera to hear his father sing, and early learned to read and enjoy the scores. In the winters there was the exciting musical world of St. Petersburg, in the summers the family went to the country where young Igor heard stirring national folk song which were later to influence his music
His father wanted him to study law because it was a safer career than art. But when Stravinsky met Rimsky- Korsakov and studiedunder him, he was encouraged to give up law for music. For the wedding of Rimsky's daughter, Stravinsky wrote Fireworks  and sent it as a surprise to the master. It was a great blow to have the package returned unopened because of Rimsky sudden death.
A lifelong friendship with Diaghilev, the impresario of Russian ballet, brougt both men fame. For Diaghilev, Stravinsky wrote numerous ballets which established his reputation and influenced the development of modern music.

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Bela Bartok (1881-1945)

Selasa, 29 Desember 2009




In his Budapest home, Bela Bartok had a studio with two doors- one heavely padded to keep out all sounds. There he composed by the hour, sitting on a window-seat where the sun could beat down on him.
The folk songs he loved and had discovered in a two-year trip throughout the countryside formed the basis of much of his composition. Wherever he went in later years, he studied the folk music particularly. He believed that there was a relation between the folk music of Hungary and that of Turkey. The Turks had occupied Hungary during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and had a strong effect on its culture. So one of his trips was to Anatolia. He and a friend jounced in primitive horse-drawn carts over the rocky roads to remote districts where nomadic tribes lived. Bartok carefully carried the old-fashioned Edison phonograph with its wax cylinders on his lap all the way

(to be continued)

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The Baroque

Minggu, 27 Desember 2009


1600-1750
-17th century
-Early 18th century
-The first half of the 18th century





The Instruments
 1. Different groups of musical instruments have been combined together for centuries
 2. It is about 1600 that the orchestra was actually formed
 3. By 1700, the orchestra was made up of :
     String            - Violin
                          - Viola
                          - Cello
                          - Double Bass

     Woodwind    - Oboe
                          - Bassoon
                          - Flute

     Brass             - Trumpet
                          - Horn
                          - Trombone

     Percussion     - Timpani

 4 .The more commonly used keyboard instruments were harpischord, clavichord and organ .
     They were used for solo music ang basso continuo parts .

The Form
The favourite forms used were : 1. Concerto Grosso   2. Trio Sonata
1. Concerto Grosso : This is a concerto for a group of solo instrument (concertino / soloist) and a full orchestra .
2. Trio Sonata : This is a sonata written on 3 staves for 2 solo instruments . ( commonly violin, flute or oboe ) and basso continuo .

The Orchestra
1. Basso continuo
    a. it forms the bass part of all baroque music, supplying the complete harmony .
    b. it is the combination between the cello, bassoon or double bass plus a keyboard instrument (harpsichord or organ)
    c. it is written in figured bass and the keyboardist fills in the harmony indicated by the numerals .
    d. Generally, the use of an organ indicates chuch music e.g. : cantata, oratorio .

2. The string family were the main body of the orchestra .
    The first and second violin generally plays in unison or in thirds
    When double bass it used, it
    a. shares the stave with the cello
    b. sounds an octave lower than written

The Composers
The more outstanding Baroque composers in chronological order are :
    Monteverdi -Italian
    Schutz - German
    Lully - Italian
    Corelli - Italian
    Purcell - English
    Couperin - French
    Vivaldi -Italian
    Telemann - German
    Rameau - French
    D. Scarlatti - Italian
    J. S. Bach - German
    Handel - German

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