-17th century
-Early 18th century
-The first half of the 18th century
The Instruments
1. Different groups of musical instruments have been combined together for centuries
2. It is about 1600 that the orchestra was actually formed
3. By 1700, the orchestra was made up of :
String - Violin
- Viola
- Cello
- Double Bass
Woodwind - Oboe
- Bassoon
- Flute
Brass - Trumpet
- Horn
- Trombone
Percussion - Timpani
4 .The more commonly used keyboard instruments were harpischord, clavichord and organ .
They were used for solo music ang basso continuo parts .
The Form
The favourite forms used were : 1. Concerto Grosso 2. Trio Sonata
1. Concerto Grosso : This is a concerto for a group of solo instrument (concertino / soloist) and a full orchestra .
2. Trio Sonata : This is a sonata written on 3 staves for 2 solo instruments . ( commonly violin, flute or oboe ) and basso continuo .
The Orchestra
1. Basso continuo
a. it forms the bass part of all baroque music, supplying the complete harmony .
b. it is the combination between the cello, bassoon or double bass plus a keyboard instrument (harpsichord or organ)
c. it is written in figured bass and the keyboardist fills in the harmony indicated by the numerals .
d. Generally, the use of an organ indicates chuch music e.g. : cantata, oratorio .
2. The string family were the main body of the orchestra .
The first and second violin generally plays in unison or in thirds
When double bass it used, it
a. shares the stave with the cello
b. sounds an octave lower than written
The Composers
The more outstanding Baroque composers in chronological order are :
Monteverdi -Italian
Schutz - German
Lully - Italian
Corelli - Italian
Purcell - English
Couperin - French
Vivaldi -Italian
Telemann - German
Rameau - French
D. Scarlatti - Italian
J. S. Bach - German
Handel - German Ampersands & angle brackets need to be encoded.
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